The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) provides a comprehensive set of textbooks for Class 12 students across various streams. These books are meticulously designed to align with the CBSE curriculum, ensuring a thorough understanding of each subject. Below is a professional overview of each NCERT Class 12 book, crafted to assist students in grasping the core content effectively.
NCERT Books Class 12
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Mathematics Physics Accountancy Sanskrit Hindi English Biology History Geography Psychology Sociology Chemistry Political Science Economics Business Studies Home Science Urdu Creative Writing and Translation Fine Art Computer Science Informatics Practices Biotechnology Sangeet
Mathematics Books Class 12
The Class 12 Mathematics textbook delves into advanced concepts such as calculus, vectors, and probability. It emphasizes problem-solving techniques and real-world applications, fostering analytical and logical reasoning skills essential for higher education in engineering, economics, and sciences.
| Book Title | Download Link |
|---|---|
| Mathematics Part-I | Download |
| Mathematics Part-II | Download |
| Ganit-I | Download |
| Ganit-II | Download |
| Riyazi-I | Download |
| Riyazi-II | Download |
For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on Mathematics books for Class 12, visit NCERT Mathematics Books for Class 12.
Physics Books Class 12
Physics Books for Class 12 are divided into two parts, the Physics textbooks cover topics from electrostatics to quantum mechanics. They integrate theoretical explanations with practical experiments, enhancing comprehension of physical phenomena and preparing students for competitive exams like JEE and NEET.
| Book Title | Download Link |
|---|---|
| Physics Part-I | Download |
| Physics Part-II | Download |
| Bhautiki-I | Download |
| Bhautiki-II | Download |
| Tabiyaat-I | Download |
| Tabiyaat-II | Download |
- The NCERT Class 12 Physics curriculum is divided into two parts, each available in multiple languages to cater to diverse student needs.
- Physics Part-I: This volume introduces fundamental concepts such as electric charges and fields, electrostatic potential and capacitance, current electricity, moving charges and magnetism, magnetism and matter, electromagnetic induction, and alternating current. It lays the groundwork for understanding complex physical phenomena.
- Physics Part-II: Building upon the first part, this volume delves into electromagnetic waves, ray optics and optical instruments, wave optics, the dual nature of radiation and matter, atoms, nuclei, semiconductor electronics, and communication systems. It provides a comprehensive understanding of modern physics applications.
For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on Physics books for Class 12, visit NCERT Physics Books for Class 12.
Accountancy Books Class 12
The NCERT Class 12 Accountancy curriculum comprises seven books, each tailored to specific aspects of accounting and available in multiple languages to cater to diverse student needs. Here’s a concise overview of each:
- Accountancy Part I: This volume delves into foundational accounting principles, covering topics such as partnership accounts, admission and retirement of partners, and dissolution of firms. It establishes a solid base for understanding complex accounting concepts.
- Accountancy Part II: Building upon the first part, this book focuses on company accounts and financial statement analysis, including accounting for share capital, debentures, and cash flow statements. It equips students with the skills to interpret and analyze financial data effectively.
- Lekhashastra Part I: The Hindi medium counterpart to Accountancy Part I, this book presents the same comprehensive content in Hindi, ensuring accessibility for Hindi-speaking students.
- Lekhashastra Part II: This Hindi medium version mirrors the content of Accountancy Part II, facilitating a deeper understanding of company accounts and financial analysis for Hindi medium learners.
- Computerised Accounting System: This text introduces students to computerized accounting environments, emphasizing the use of accounting software, spreadsheets, and the digitalization of financial data management.
- Khatadari-I (Urdu): Designed for Urdu-speaking students, this book covers the initial concepts of partnership accounting, paralleling the content of Accountancy Part I.
- Khatadari-II (Urdu): Continuing from Khatadari-I, this volume addresses advanced topics in company accounts and financial statement analysis, aligning with Accountancy Part II.
For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on Accountancy books for Class 12, visit NCERT Accountancy Books for Class 12.
Sanskrit Books Class 12
The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) provides two primary Sanskrit textbooks for Class 12 students:
- Shaswati: Containing 14 chapters, Shaswati further explores advanced topics in Sanskrit, including intricate grammatical structures and literary analyses, enhancing students’ proficiency in the language.
- Bhaswati: This textbook comprises 12 chapters, each delving into various aspects of Sanskrit literature and language, offering students a comprehensive understanding of classical texts, poetry, and prose.
These textbooks are meticulously designed to align with the latest CBSE syllabus, ensuring that students receive a thorough and structured education in Sanskrit. They serve as essential resources for both board exam preparation and fostering a deeper appreciation of India’s rich linguistic heritage.
For convenient access, NCERT offers free PDF versions of these textbooks, which can be downloaded. For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on Sanskrit books for Class 12, visit NCERT Sanskrit Books for Class 12.
Hindi Books Class 12
The NCERT Hindi curriculum for Class 12 comprises four primary textbooks: ‘अंतरा’ (Antra), ‘अंतराल’ (Antral), ‘आरोह’ (Aroh), and ‘वितान’ (Vitan). Each book is meticulously curated to enhance students’ proficiency in Hindi literature and language.
- अंतरा (Antra): This anthology presents a diverse collection of prose and poetry from both ancient and modern Hindi literature. It aims to deepen students’ appreciation of literary traditions and styles, fostering critical analysis and interpretation skills.
- अंतराल (Antral): Serving as a supplementary reader, ‘अंतराल’ offers additional prose and poetic works. It encourages extensive reading, broadening students’ literary horizons and enhancing their understanding of varied narrative techniques.
- आरोह (Aroh): This textbook features a curated selection of contemporary prose and poetry, emphasizing modern literary expressions. It aids students in comprehending current linguistic trends and themes prevalent in today’s Hindi literature.
- वितान (Vitan): As an elective reader, ‘वितान’ includes advanced-level texts designed to challenge students and promote higher-order thinking. It focuses on complex literary pieces, encouraging analytical discussions and in-depth literary critique.
For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on Hindi books for Class 12, visit NCERT Hindi Books for Class 12.
English Books Class 12
The NCERT Class 12 English curriculum comprises three essential textbooks: “Flamingo,” “Vistas,” and “Kaleidoscope.” These books are meticulously designed to enhance students’ proficiency in the English language and deepen their appreciation for literature.
1. Flamingo:
“Flamingo” serves as the core reader for Class 12 English and includes both prose and poetry sections. The prose section features eight chapters, each presenting diverse themes and narratives that encourage critical thinking and cultural awareness. The poetry section comprises six poems, offering insights into various poetic forms and expressions. This combination aims to develop analytical skills and a nuanced understanding of literary devices.
2. Vistas:
“Vistas” is the supplementary reader, containing eight chapters that delve into contemporary issues and thought-provoking concepts. The stories are selected to stimulate imagination and foster a deeper comprehension of complex societal themes, thereby broadening students’ perspectives and enhancing interpretative abilities.
3. Kaleidoscope:
“Kaleidoscope” is an elective English textbook that offers a rich collection of short stories, poetry, non-fiction, and drama. This book is designed to provide an extensive exploration of literary genres, encouraging students to engage with texts critically and creatively. It aims to cultivate a profound appreciation for literature and its various forms.
For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on English books for Class 12, visit NCERT English Books for Class 12.
Biology Books Class 12
he NCERT Class 12 Biology textbook offers a comprehensive exploration of key biological concepts, structured into five units:
- Reproduction: This unit delves into various reproductive mechanisms across organisms, including asexual and sexual reproduction in plants and humans, and addresses reproductive health.
- Genetics and Evolution: It examines inheritance patterns, molecular genetics, and evolutionary theories, providing insights into genetic material and evolutionary processes.
- Biology and Human Welfare: This section discusses the role of biology in human health, disease management, and strategies for enhancing food production.
- Biotechnology: It covers the principles, processes, and applications of biotechnology, highlighting advancements and their implications.
- Ecology and Environment: This unit explores ecological concepts, environmental issues, and conservation efforts, emphasizing the importance of biodiversity.
| Book Title | Download Link |
|---|---|
| Biology | Download |
| Jeev Vigyan | Download |
| Hayatiyaat | Download |
Each chapter is designed to build a strong foundation in biological sciences, aiding students in their academic pursuits and competitive exam preparations. For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on Biology books for Class 12, visit NCERT Biology Books for Class 12.
History Books Class 12
The NCERT Class 12 History curriculum is structured into three comprehensive parts, each delving into distinct eras and themes of Indian history:
Part I: Themes in Indian History – I
- Bricks, Beads, and Bones: Explores the Harappan Civilization, focusing on urban planning, trade, and societal structures.
- Kings, Farmers, and Towns: Examines early states and economies from c. 600 BCE to 600 CE, highlighting political and agrarian developments.
- Kinship, Caste, and Class: Analyzes social hierarchies and family structures in early societies during the same period.
- Thinkers, Beliefs, and Buildings: Discusses cultural developments, including religious movements and architectural advancements.
Part II: Themes in Indian History – II
- Through the Eyes of Travellers: Provides insights into Indian society between the tenth and seventeenth centuries through travelers’ accounts.
- Bhakti-Sufi Traditions: Chronicles changes in religious beliefs and devotional texts from the eighth to eighteenth centuries.
- An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara: Studies the rise and significance of the Vijayanagara Empire.
- Peasants, Zamindars, and the State: Explores agrarian society and the Mughal Empire’s dynamics in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Part III: Themes in Indian History – III
- Framing the Constitution: Discusses the beginning of a new era with the drafting of the Indian Constitution.
- Colonialism and the Countryside: Investigates the impact of colonial policies on rural India.
- Rebels and the Raj: Analyzes the Revolt of 1857 and its representations.
- Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement: Chronicles the civil disobedience movement and beyond.
For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on History books for Class 12, visit NCERT History Books for Class 12.
Geography Books Class 12
The NCERT Class 12 Geography curriculum comprises three textbooks:
- Practical Work in Geography Part II: This manual offers exercises on data collection, processing, and spatial information technology, enhancing students’ practical skills in geographical analysis.
- Fundamentals of Human Geography: This book explores human societies’ spatial organization, covering population distribution, economic activities, and human settlements.
- India: People and Economy: Focusing on India, it examines demographic patterns, resource management, and economic development, providing insights into the nation’s geographical and economic landscape.
For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on Geography books for Class 12, visit NCERT Geography Books for Class 12.
Psychology Books Class 12
The NCERT provides the Class 12 Psychology textbook in three language editions to cater to diverse linguistic needs:
- نفسیات (Nafsiat) – Urdu Medium: Designed for Urdu-speaking learners, this edition provides the curriculum in Urdu, promoting inclusivity in education.
- Psychology (English Medium): This edition presents psychological concepts and theories in English, facilitating comprehension for students proficient in the language.
- मनोविज्ञान (Manovigyan) – Hindi Medium: Tailored for Hindi-speaking students, this version delivers the same comprehensive content in Hindi, ensuring accessibility and understanding.
| Book Title | Download Link |
|---|---|
| Psychology | Download |
| Manovigyan | Download |
| Nafsiat(Urdu) | Download |
Each edition encompasses nine chapters, covering topics such as variations in psychological attributes, self and personality, meeting life challenges, psychological disorders, therapeutic approaches, attitude and social cognition, social influence and group processes, psychology and life, and developing psychological skills. For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on Psychology books for Class 12, visit NCERT Psychology Books for Class 12.
Sociology Books Class 12
The NCERT Class 12 Sociology curriculum comprises two primary textbooks, each available in multiple languages to cater to diverse linguistic needs:
- Indian Society: This textbook delves into the complexities of Indian society, covering topics such as social institutions, stratification, and the challenges of unity in diversity. It encourages students to critically analyze societal structures and their evolution over time.
- Social Change and Development in India: This book examines the processes of social change and development within the Indian context, discussing themes like structural and cultural transformations, globalization, and social movements. It provides insights into the dynamic nature of Indian society and its developmental trajectory.
To accommodate students from different linguistic backgrounds, these textbooks are available in:
- Urdu: ‘Hindustani Samaj’ and ‘Hindustan Mein Samaji Tabdili Aur Taraqqi’
- Hindi: ‘Bhartiya Samaj’ and ‘Bharat main Samajik Parivartan aur Vikas’
This multilingual approach ensures that students can engage with the material in their preferred language, enhancing comprehension and fostering a deeper understanding of sociological concepts. For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on Sociology books for Class 12, visit NCERT Sociology Books for Class 12.
Chemistry Books Class 12
The NCERT Class 12 Chemistry curriculum is divided into two parts, each available in English, Hindi, and Urdu to cater to diverse linguistic needs.
Part I:
This volume covers foundational topics in physical and inorganic chemistry, including:
- Solid State: Study of crystal lattices and unit cells.
- Solutions: Concepts of solubility, concentration, and colligative properties.
- Electrochemistry: Electrochemical cells, electrode potentials, and electrolysis.
- Chemical Kinetics: Reaction rates and mechanisms.
- Surface Chemistry: Adsorption, catalysis, and colloidal state.
- General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements: Metallurgical processes and extraction principles.
Part II:
This volume delves into advanced inorganic and organic chemistry topics, such as:
- Chemistry in Everyday Life: Drugs, detergents, and food additives.
- p-Block Elements: Properties and reactions of group 15 to 18 elements.
- d- and f-Block Elements: Transition and inner transition elements.
- Coordination Compounds: Bonding, nomenclature, and applications.
- Haloalkanes and Haloarenes: Structure, preparation, and reactions.
- Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers: Properties and synthesis.
- Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids: Functional group chemistry.
- Amines: Classification, preparation, and reactions.
- Biomolecules: Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and enzymes.
- Polymers: Types, mechanisms, and applications.
| Book Title | Download Link |
|---|---|
| Chemistry-I | Download |
| Chemistry-II | Download |
| Rasayan vigyan bhag I | Download |
| Rasayan vigyan bhag II | Download |
| Keemiya-I | Download |
| Keemiya-II | Download |
These textbooks are meticulously designed to align with the CBSE syllabus, providing clear explanations, illustrative examples, and practice questions to enhance students’ understanding and prepare them effectively for examinations. For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on Chemistry books for Class 12, visit NCERT Chemistry Books for Class 12.
Political Science Books Class 12
The NCERT Class 12 Political Science curriculum is structured into two comprehensive textbooks, each available in multiple languages to cater to diverse linguistic needs:
- Politics in India Since Independence: This book delves into India’s political landscape post-1947, discussing nation-building challenges, the era of one-party dominance, planned development politics, India’s external relations, and significant political developments up to the present day.
- Contemporary World Politics: This textbook examines global political dynamics post-World War II, covering topics such as the Cold War era, the emergence of new centers of power, contemporary South Asian politics, the role of international organizations, and the impact of globalization.
To accommodate students from different linguistic backgrounds, these textbooks are available in:
- Hindi: ‘समकालीन विश्व राजनीति’ (Samkalin Vishwa Rajniti) and ‘स्वतंत्र भारत में राजनीति’ (Swatantra Bharat Mein Rajniti)
- Urdu: ‘عصر حاضر کی عالمی سیاست’ and ‘آزادی کے بعد کی ہندوستانی سیاست’
This multilingual approach ensures that students can engage with the material in their preferred language, enhancing comprehension and fostering a deeper understanding of political science concepts. For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on Political Science books for Class 12, visit NCERT Political Science Books for Class 12.
Economics Books Class 12
The NCERT Class 12 Economics curriculum is divided into two main textbooks, each available in English and Hindi:
- Introductory Microeconomics: This book explores individual economic units, focusing on consumer behavior, production, costs, and market structures.
- Introductory Macroeconomics: This volume examines the economy as a whole, covering national income, money and banking, income and employment determination, government budget, and open economy macroeconomics.
These textbooks are designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of economic principles, preparing students for higher education and competitive exams. For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on Economics books for Class 12, visit NCERT Economics Books for Class 12.
Business Studies Books Class 12
The NCERT Class 12 Business Studies curriculum is divided into two parts, each available in English, Hindi, and Urdu:
- Focus: Explores financial decision-making, market dynamics, and consumer rights, equipping students with knowledge of business finance and marketing strategies.
Part I: Principles and Functions of Management
Chapters: Nature and Significance of Management; Principles of Management; Business Environment; Planning; Organising; Staffing; Directing; Controlling.
Focus: Provides a comprehensive understanding of management concepts, principles, and processes essential for effective organizational functioning.
Part II: Business Finance and Marketing
Chapters: Financial Management; Financial Markets; Marketing; Consumer Protection.
| Book Title | Download Link |
|---|---|
| Business Studies-I | Download |
| Vyavasai Adhyan-I | Download |
| Business Studies-II | Download |
| Vyavasai Adhyan-II | Download |
| Karobari Uloom I(Urdu) | Download |
| Karobari Uloom II(Urdu) | Download |
For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on Business Studies books for Class 12, visit NCERT Business Studies Books for Class 12.
Home Science Books Class 12
The NCERT Class 12 Home Science curriculum is presented in two volumes, each available in English and Hindi:
1. Human Ecology and Family Sciences Part I
This volume covers:
- Work, Livelihood, and Career: Vocational choices and career planning.
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics: Therapeutic diets and nutritional care.
- Public Nutrition and Health: Community health and nutrition programs.
- Food Processing and Technology: Methods of food preservation and processing.
- Food Quality and Safety: Standards in food production and consumption.
- Early Childhood Care and Education: Developmental needs and education of young children.
- Management of Support Services: Services for various age groups.
2. Human Ecology and Family Sciences Part II
This volume includes:
- Corporate Communication and Public Relations: Managing organizational communication and public image.
- Design for Fabric and Apparel: Principles of designing textiles and garments.
- Fashion Design and Merchandising: Insights into the fashion industry and marketing.
- Care and Maintenance of Fabrics: Guidelines for fabric upkeep.
- Hospitality Management: Fundamentals of the hospitality sector.
- Consumer Education and Protection: Consumer rights and responsibilities.
- Development Communication and Journalism: Role of communication in development and media.
For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on Home Science books for Class 12, visit NCERT Home Science Books for Class 12.
Urdu Books Class 12
The NCERT Class 12 Urdu curriculum offers four textbooks, each designed to enhance students’ proficiency in the Urdu language and literature:
- Dhanak: This collection features diverse genres and authors, offering insights into various cultural and social aspects depicted in Urdu literature.
- Gulistan-e-Adab: This anthology presents a curated selection of classical and contemporary Urdu prose and poetry, aiming to deepen students’ appreciation for the rich literary heritage of the Urdu language.
- Khayaban-e-Urdu: This textbook focuses on advanced language skills, including grammar, composition, and comprehension, to strengthen students’ command over Urdu.
- Nai Awaz: This book introduces modern literary works, reflecting contemporary themes and styles in Urdu literature, encouraging critical thinking and analysis.
| Book Title | Download Link |
|---|---|
| Gulistan-e- Adab | Download |
| Khayaban-e-Urdu | Download |
| Nai Awaz | Download |
| Dhanak | Download |
These resources collectively aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of Urdu language and literature, fostering linguistic competence and cultural awareness among students. For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on Urdu books for Class 12, visit NCERT Urdu Books for Class 12.
Creative Writing and Translation Books Class 12
The NCERT Class 12 curriculum includes the textbook ‘Srijan-II’, focusing on Creative Writing and Translation. This resource is designed to enhance students’ proficiency in various forms of writing and translation, covering:
- Literary Writing: Techniques and styles for crafting prose and poetry.
- Media Writing: Approaches to journalistic and mass communication content.
- The Process of Translation: Principles and practices of translating texts between languages.
- Editing: Fundamentals of refining and preparing texts for publication.
‘Srijan-II’ is available in Hindi and English, catering to diverse linguistic needs. It aims to develop students’ creative expression and linguistic skills, preparing them for advanced studies and careers in writing, translation, and media.
| Book Title | Download Link |
|---|---|
| Takhleequi Jauhar | Download |
| Srijan-II | Download |
For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on Creative Writing and Translation books for Class 12, visit NCERT Creative Writing and Translation Books for Class 12.
Fine Art Books Class 12
The NCERT Class 12 Fine Arts curriculum is encapsulated in the textbook “An Introduction to Indian Art Part II”, available in both English and Hindi. This volume delves into the rich tapestry of Indian art traditions, covering:
- Living Art Traditions of India: Understanding ongoing artistic practices and their cultural relevance.
- The Manuscript Painting Tradition: Exploring the evolution and significance of manuscript illustrations.
- Regional Schools of Painting: Detailed studies of Rajasthani, Mughal, Deccani, and Pahari styles, highlighting their unique characteristics and historical contexts.
- The Bengal School and Cultural Nationalism: Examining the emergence of the Bengal School and its role in India’s cultural resurgence.
- Modern Indian Art: Analyzing contemporary art movements and notable artists shaping modern Indian art.
| Book Title | Download Link |
|---|---|
| An Introduction to Indian Art Part-II | Download |
| Bhartiya Kala ka Itihaas Bhag 2 | Download |
This comprehensive resource aims to deepen students’ appreciation and understanding of India’s artistic heritage, fostering analytical skills and cultural awareness. For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on Fine Art books for Class 12, visit NCERT Fine Art Books for Class 12.
Computer Science Books Class 12
The NCERT Class 12 Computer Science curriculum is encapsulated in a single comprehensive textbook, “Computer Science”, available in English. This resource is meticulously designed to provide students with a robust understanding of computer science principles and practical applications.
Key Areas Covered:
- Project-Based Learning: Application of theoretical knowledge through practical projects.
- Exception Handling in Python: Techniques to manage errors and exceptions in Python programming.
- File Handling in Python: Methods for reading from and writing to files using Python.
- Data Structures: In-depth exploration of stacks, queues, sorting, and searching algorithms.
- Database Concepts and SQL: Fundamentals of databases and proficiency in Structured Query Language.
- Computer Networks and Data Communication: Understanding network architectures, protocols, and data transmission.
- Security Aspects: Insights into cybersecurity principles and practices.
| Book Title | Download Link |
|---|---|
| Computer Science | Download |
This textbook aligns with the CBSE syllabus, offering clear explanations, practical examples, and exercises to enhance comprehension and problem-solving skills. For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on Computer Science books for Class 12, visit NCERT Computer Science Books for Class 12.
Informatics Practices Books for Class 12
The NCERT Class 12 Informatics Practices curriculum is encapsulated in a comprehensive textbook titled “Informatics Practices”, available in English. This resource is meticulously designed to provide students with a robust understanding of informatics concepts and practical applications.
Key Areas Covered:
- Project-Based Learning: Application of theoretical knowledge through hands-on projects, fostering practical skills and problem-solving abilities.
- Data Handling Using Pandas: Techniques for data manipulation and analysis using the Pandas library in Python.
- Data Visualization with Matplotlib: Methods to create informative and aesthetically pleasing data visualizations using Matplotlib.
- Database Querying with SQL: Fundamentals of Structured Query Language for effective database management and operations.
- Cybersecurity and Societal Impacts: Insights into cybersecurity principles and the ethical implications of technology in society.
| Book Title | Download Link |
|---|---|
| Informatics Practices | Download |
For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on Informatics Practices books for Class 12, visit NCERT Informatics Practices Books for Class 12.
Biotechnology Books Class 12
The NCERT Class 12 Biotechnology curriculum is encapsulated in the textbook “Biotechnology”, available in English. This comprehensive resource is structured into five units, encompassing thirteen chapters:
- Recent Innovations and Entrepreneurship: Highlights the latest developments in biotechnology and provides insights into establishing biotechnology-based enterprises.
- Recombination DNA Technology and Gene Cloning: Explores the mechanisms of gene manipulation and cloning techniques.
- Genome Engineering: Discusses advancements in DNA sequencing, genome editing, comparative genomics, and protein engineering.
- Culture Techniques and Bio processing: Covers microbial, plant, animal, and stem cell cultures, along with bio processing and bio-manufacturing methodologies.
- Environmental Biotechnology: Focuses on the application of microorganisms in wastewater treatment, sewage management, and bio-remediation of toxic substances.
| Book Title | Download Link |
|---|---|
| Biotechnology | Download |
This textbook aligns with the CBSE syllabus, offering clear explanations, practical examples, and exercises to enhance comprehension and analytical skills. For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on Biotechnology books for Class 12, visit NCERT Biotechnology Books for Class 12.
Sangeet Bookss Class 12
The NCERT Class 12 Sangeet curriculum offers two specialized textbooks:
- Hindustani Sangeet Gayan Evam Vaadan: Covers vocal and instrumental aspects of Hindustani music, including ragas and talas.
- Tabla evam Pakhawaj: Focuses on the history, techniques, and compositions of these percussion instruments.
| Book Title | Download Link |
|---|---|
| Tabla evam Pakhawaj | Download |
| Hindustani Sangeet Gayan Evam Vaadan | Download |
For more detailed information and chapter-wise summaries on Sangeet books for Class 12, visit NCERT Sangeet Books for Class 12.